Apparatus for manufacture of paper



Jan. 12, 1954 N. J. NIKS APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURE OF PAPER 3Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jam 12, 1949 m T N E V N I NICHOLAS J7 N/KS N. J.NIKS APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURE OF PAPER Jan 12, 1954 5 Sheets--Sheet 2Filed Jan. 12, 1949 w a 2 0 u 2 u r" e Q a o a 6 6 H so .9 a o H wge o66% o H ///////V //VV 0 JK. 1N

MIYENTOR N/CHULHS JI/V/KS Jan. 12, 1954 MKS APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURE OFPAPER 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Jan. 12, 1949 Inwma'! W W .N

h m 6 w Patented Jan. 12, 1954 UNITED STATES" rArEN-r OFFICE APPARATUSEORIMANU'FACTURE oF P-APE Nicholas. -.I.-:Niks, Munising, Mich.

ApplicationfJanuary 12, 1949, seriammmsro my copending application,Serial No. 590527,

filed April 27, 1945, and entitled Method and Apparatus for ManufactureofPaper, now issued ;as Patent No. 2,473,069, dated June 14, 1949.

In the making of paper in the case of the Fourdrinier machine, the web:of paper *is first formed on the traveling'wire, is subsequentlydewatered by the press section of the machine, is

dried out by the driers, and is finally'finished'or smoothed out by thecalenders.

The stock which is delivered to the machine comprises an aqueous mixturecontaining about one-half of one percent fiber, fillers, and sizing. Thefibers mat together when the stock is de-watered and form the body of.the paper sheet. The sizing is added for the .purpose of controllingfluid absorption of thefinished paper while the fillers are addedtogivethe finished sheet theproper bulk and feel.

The particular proportions of water, sizing "and filler is of 'theutmost impor.tance,.in .pr.o-

ducing-paper of the desired quality and itjis with the control of thesefactors that my invention is primarily concerned.

Particularly, my invention proposes the control of the water, filler andsizing content of the stock as it is delivered to the wire in aFourdrinier machine. By the method of my invention, water, sizing andfiller maybe added to or subtracted from the stock as it is laid .on thetraveling wire at the breast roll of the machine. This provides for anaccurate control of these variable factors in the stock and insures thatthe final product will be of high quality. Also, according to thisinvention, the rate of modifying the above mentioned variable :factors,as well as the extent of-thezone-overwhich they are so modified, isunder the selective control of the machine operator at all-times.

Accordingly, the principal object of this invention is to provide forthe controlof the moisture, filler, and sizing content of the paper webwhich is delivered to the wire'passing around the breast roll.

It is another object to control the quality-of the paper made in themachine by controlling the addition thereto of moisture, fillers, etc.,as the *means for controlling the quality of the paperpulp is deliveredto the' screen'at the'-breast "roll.

It' is another object to provide adjustable paper pulp which isdelivered to the breast'roll.

It'is still another object to provide a method and apparatus forcontrolling the color of the stock as it is delivered to the-wire.

Still another object is the provision of means for varying the extent*of the breast roll which "is efiective for controlling the .quality ofthe stock delivered to the wire.

These and other objects and advantages will become more apparent uponreference to the following description taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings in which:

-Figure 1 is a verticalsection through one end of a'paper-ma'kingmachine constructed according :to my invention;

Figure 2 is a transverse section'through the breast roll of Figure 1;

Figure 3 "is an elevational view of an adjusting means-associated withthe breast roll of Fi ure '1; A

Figure-4 is a view similar to Figure '2 butshow- 'ing a modifiedarrangement of the water supply control means;

Figure Sis a view similar-to Figures 2'and 4bu't showing still anothermodified arrangement;

Figure 6is a'sec'tion'on the line 6-6 of Fig- Figure '7 is a viewsimilar to'Figure 6 butsh'owing a spray head positioned within thebreast roll for supplying water thereto;

Figure 8 'is a fragmentary view of a paper machine constructed accordingto this invention and showing'a movable apron for varying the area ofthe breast roll which exerts control over the ,paper. stock.

Figure 9 .is a perspective view showing the movable apron which overliespart of the breast roll of Figure. 8; and

'Figure 10 shows an arrangement for-indicating the position of the:movable apron and for locking it inany'of its adjusted positions.

Referring to the drawings, I0 indicates a head :box or ffiow box whichreceives stock from a stock :'box, 'not shown. The stock is 'a'thinmixture of fibers, fillers, sizing and water. The'flow box ll) comprisesa tortuous passage defined by the central wall l2 and theoutier wall Hi.There is located inthis'passage beneath the breast '=roll aperfora'teddrum I 6 which is driven sothat the stock is thoroughly mixed andagitated im- 3 mediately prior to being received by the breast roll I8.

The breast roll [8 according to my invention comprises a drum 28 havingperforations 22. Slidably received within the drum 28 is a second drum24 which has the perforations 28 therein which extend around an areequal to or less than the arc of contact of the wire 28 with the drum28. S1idab1y received within the drum 24 is a third drum 38 having theperforations 32 therein extending over an are substantially identicalwith the arc of the perforations in the drum 24. The purpose of theaforementioned perforations will become more apparent hereinafter.

Arranged around the breast roll I8 are a plurality of slices arrangedhorizontally and vertically, the former being indicated at 34 and 38 andthe latter at 38. There are provided means comprising the gears andracks at 48 for adjusting theslices 34 and 38 relative to the breastroll I8 for controlling the thickness of the stock film applied thereto.The slice 38 is adjustable by means of the nut and screw at 42 so that afinal control of the film thickness is to be had.

The wire or screen 28 extends rightwardly from the breast roll I8 over aplurality of table rolls 44 and thence to the other stations in thepaper making machine where the film is finally dried, pressed andcalendered.

The wall I4 adjacent the lowermost part of the breast roll has a sealingstrip 48 so that the head box It! may maintain a predetermined pressureof the stock against the breast roll and slices thereby providing for acontinuous supply of stock to the screen 28.

The construction of the breast roll I8 is more particularly shown inFigure 2 wherein it will be seen that the drum 2!] has aflixed to theright end thereof a shaft 48 and, to the left end thereof, a shaft 50.These shafts are journaleol, respectively, in the bearings 52 and 54carried in the side walls 58 and 58 of the machine.

The shaft 48 comprises an axial bore Bllwhich is connected with aconduit 82 externally of the wall 58. The shaft 48, likewise, comprisesthe drive gear 84 which is actuated by a means, not shown, so that thebreast roll is driven at the proper speed.

The shaft 58 on the left end of the drum 28 is hollow and receives asleeve 66 which is attached to or is integral with the drum 24. Thesleeve 56 extends leftwardly through the shaft 58 and terminates in anarm 88 which is retained in position by a stud 18 attached to the wall58 or bearing 54. The position of the drum 24 is thus made rigid withrespect to the stationary parts of the machine so that the drum 28revolves therearound.

The drum 30 which is slidably received within the drum 24 has a shaft 12thereon which extends through the sleeve 68 and terminates in an arm I4which is clamped to the arm 68 by the nuts 16 on the stud 18.

Reference to Figure 3 will reveal that the arm 14 is slotted as at 18 sothat the angularity of the drums 38 and 24 may be adjusted. This iseffective to adjust the size of the opening from the inside of the innerdrum to the apertures 22 in the outer drum so that the flow of fluidbetween the interior of the breast roll and the wire 28 may becontrolled.

Referring to Figure 4, a similar arrangement is shown except that theinside drum has been eliminated and a single apertured drum or sleeve 488 is provided which is effective to control the fluid communicationbetween the inside and the outside of the breast roll Ill. The drum 88has a shaft 82 thereon which extends through the shaft 50 and hasattached thereto a crosshead 84 which may be adjusted inwardly oroutwardly by the nuts 86 on the studs 88. The drum being axially shorterthan the breast roll I8, the apertures 98 in the drum 88 may be adjustedrelative to the apertures 22 in the drum 20 of the breast roll so thatthe fluid communication between the interior of the breast roll and thewire 28 is controlled. As in the case of the construction shown inFigure 2, fluid is supplied to or taken from the breast roll I8 by thepassage 80 in the right hand supporting shaft 48.

Referring to Figures 5 and 6, there is shown still another method ofcontrolling the supply of fluid to the wire 28. In these figures thebreast roll I8 is carried on a shaft 92 which extends completely throughthe machine and is attached to the walls 56 and 58 by the nuts 94. Thedrum 20 of the roll I8 is journaled on the bearings 98 and is adapted tobe driven by the gear 98 attached thereto.

The shaft 92 is bored from the right end thereof with a passage I08which is in communication with a conduit I82 and terminates centrally ofthe roll in a passage I84 which extends into a shell I88 which engagesthe interior surface of the drum 28 over at least a portion of the arcof contact thereof with the wire 28. The shell I88 is provided with aplurality of relatively small apertures I88 which register with theapertures 22 in the drum 20 and thereby provide for fluid communicationbetween the shell I08 and the wire 28. Control of the fluidcommunication is had by a valve H0 in the conduit I02.

In Figure 7 is illustrated a modification wherein a spray head H2 islocated within the drum 28 of the breast roll I8 and is especiallyadapted for supplying fluid to the wire 28. In the operation of thedevice of Figure '7 fluid is supplied to the shaft 48 by means of thebore 80 and the pressure thereof causes a spray to be directed againstthe interior of the drum 28. The portion of the spray which impingesupon the drum over the arc of contact therewith with the wire 28supplies fluid thereto while the remainder is collected andrecirculated.

In the practice of my invention fluid may be supplied or taken from thestock which is delivered to the wire 28 in accordance with the variousfactors which influence the quality of the finished product. Fillers andsizing may also be supplied in the fluid in order to make up for loss ofthe same from the stock or in order to supply an excess to the stock inorder to compensate for loss as the film is drained or dried in passingthrough the machine.

Also, it will be apparent that the method of my invention is adapted forclose control of the color of the paper. Dyes or pigments may be addedto the stock with the water in order to correct for inaccuracies in theoriginal mixing of the stock. Thus, it will be seen that the method andapparatus of my invention provides for the complete control of thequality and color of paper, and that, furthermore, this control isexercised at the final point in the paper making machine where it ispossible to do so without influencing the orientation of the fibers ofthe paper stock as they settle out on the wire of the machine.

Figures 8, 9, and 10 show a modification of my invention wherein anauxiliary apron is em- 1 10.11 ta sus-h which thenaner-iis influencedbysth pressure -crsucticn being applied throu h 1 1; sai ftbr as llQll- Thmachin illustrated inflame :8 is similar t that s wn n: my is u d :Paten-lElQ- M15261 lni fisus 8 henerfcratedbrea t roll is ind i ated iazziflll. andlthehcx. their 1 :throu h whi rl ms ii qo il ticnisapplie.the roll ;-.is.-.ir1. sated a 3 .62-

..ccustriicticn substantiall identical Withthatshownin.Eigures 5 and 6.

The wire which passes over the breast'roll is shown-at 204, and atthe-sides thereof :are the :deckel stops 266 and theguide wheels there-:for 208. The head-box or stuff box is -generally indicated-at 2| 6,audit comprisesan apron plate 212 having mounted-thereon a flexiblep'late l4 that terminates in a depending resilient scraper member 2 I 6that bears against the wire and forms a seal to prevent the paper stockfrom leaking backward around the said wire.

The discharge end of the head box is closed by a flexible strip 2l8which is adjustable on the slice plate 226 as by means of the shaft 222and clamping bolts 224. The slice plate 226 is pivotally mounted as bythe shaft 226 on a gate 228. The gate is adjustable vertically forregulating the opening for stock to pass through by the rod 230, whilethe slice plate is similarly adjustable by the rod 232.

As in the arrangement shown in Figure 1, there is a perforated roll 234for maintaining the paper stock mixed as it passe through the stuff boxto the wire. As mentioned before, an adjustable apron is provided forregulating the amount of the periphery of the breast roll over which thepressure or suction within the box 202 is effective. This apron is shownat 236, and it com prises a flexible member of dense or rubberizedfabric. The apron passes around a shaft 238, and this shaft has a crank240 on the outside of the machine for adjusting the length of the apronextending over the breast roll.

It will be evident that by turning the crank in one direction the apron236 can be withdrawn from the breast roll, and that by turning the crankin the other direction, the apron can be caused to extend over a greaterpart of the breast roll. This affords an adjustment whereby the pressureor influence of the box 202 on the paper stock can be regulated. This,in turn, will influence the final orientation of the fibers of the paperstock and thus control the nature of the final product.

Should it be desired to provide an indicator for indicating the adjustedposition of the apron 236, the arrangement shown in Figure 10 may beemployed. In this View there is mounted on the end of the shaft 238 aworm wheel 242, and this is adapted for being driven by the worm gear244 for effecting adjustment of the position of the apron. A pointer 246is mounted in position to overlie the face of the worm wheel, and theWorm then has inscribed thereon or affixed thereto in any suitablemanner, the indicia 248, forming a scale that indicates the exactposition of the worm wheel 242.

While the apron 236 is shown here as applied to a machine which deliversthe paper stock to a relatively small part of the breast roll, it willbe evident that a machine such as is illustrated in Figure 1 is equallywell adapted for use with this type of apron construction. When appliedto the machine shown in Figure 1, the apron would extend over thesealing strip 46 and lay around 6 rth znerinhe ybf theadrumrand;.ccye inthewire. .afiince thiswinart- .ofcthe rum rand-stir is-ifacius en ral ydownward it A. culdhen e ie amadn raid tin :thepontrol apron p o :theiEiure :1 [0. .tl. .ction,:;tomlacespacedguide wires whichwquld retain :theapron :in: en ageme t -.w th the fa (.Q'f 1131 mum :and wire. i w ll :beunder-stood :that this invention ;is susceptible tomodificationgingorder ito -:.adapt:;it b ifierentwusagesand conditions,and, accordingly, it is desired to comprehend such modificationsswithin'-this=sinvention as may :fa'll within the scope of-;th-e.appended claims.

I claim:

,1.The combination in a paper making ,machine, a hollow foraminousbreast roll, .a .:vvire co nvelwr-b.elt passing around said .roll,meansfor applyinga layer of paper stock to said belt on said rollcomprising a head box having an opening against the belt and terminatingin a slice where the belt leaves the head box opening, said slice beinglocated where the belt leaves the roll, means within said roll forsupplying fluid to said stock under pressure through said rollsubstantially simultaneously with delivery of the stock onto the belt onthe roll and throughout the application of stock to said belt on saidroll and prior to the stock passing said slice,'and an apron within saidhead box opening having its end parallel with said slice and spacedtherefrom and movable over the surface of said belt to mask off aportion of the belt from the influence of the fluid supply means.

2. The combination in a paper making machine, a hollow breast roll, aconveyor belt passing around said roll, means for applying a layer ofpaper stock to said belt at said roll comprising a head box having anopening against the belt and terminating in a slice where the beltleaves the head box opening, said slice being located where the beltleaves the roll, and means for supplying fluid to said stock throughsaid r011 prior to the stock passing said slice comprising a pluralityof circumferentially spaced perforations in said roll, fluid supplymeans within said roll supplying fluid under pressure to the portion ofthe said perforations over the arc of contact of said belt a oss the peg of said head box, and an apron within said head box opening having itsend parallel with said slice and spaced therefrom and movable over thesurface of said belt to mask off a part of the belt from the influenceof said fluid supply means.

3. The combination in a paper making machine of a frame, a hollow breastroll mounted in said frame, a wire belt supported by said roll andextending horizontally therefrom, a head box adjacent said roll, aresilient sealing strip mounted on said head box and bearing on saidwire, slice means spaced from said sealing strip for regulating thethickness of the layer of stock applied on said wire, said sealing stripand said slice being positioned adjacent said roll above the horizontalcenter thereof to provide an over the roll feed of paper stock onto theroll, said slice being located where the belt leaves the roll, astationary cylindrical member within said roll of substantially the samearcuate extent as the distance between said strip and said slice means,said roll being foraminous throughout its entire periphery and saidmember being foraminous where it engages said roll to provide fluidcommunication therethrough for supply of modifiers to the stock from theinterior of said roll simultaneously with the stock being picked up bythe wire on the roll, a shaft adj aoent said sealing strip externally ofsaid head box, and a flexible apron References Cited in the file ofathispatent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,672,249 Ellis June 5,1928 1,690,203 Niks Nov. 6, 1928 1,782,215 Sheperd Nov. 18, 1930 NumberNumber Name Date Niks Aug. 11, 1931 Parker Oct. 11, 1932 Ware Oct. 18,1932 Reimer Jan. 28, 1936 Niks Aug. 23, 1938 Berry Apr. 18, 1939 MalkinJan. 9, 1940 Witham Apr. 4, 1944 Niks June 14, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTSCountry Date Great Britain of 1904 Great Britain Nov. 12, 1934 GreatBritain Oct. 19, 1936 Germany Nov. 14, 1930

